1957 Men's Tennis - Year In Review
Keith Pitchford, Head Coach
Click here to see individual photos
1957 Men's Tennis - Year In Review | |
| Coaching Staff Keith Pitchford, Head Coach Click here to see individual photos |
|
Pat Iley, 5-10, 165, Clearwater
Tommy Woods, 5-7, 140, Panama City
1957 Roster - By Name
L
T PY
R Name Hgt Wgt Cl Ltr Hometown (Prior School)
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* Frank Bryan 5-9 170 So * Sumter, S.C.
* Bill Counts 6-0 165 Jr * Bluefield, W.Va.
* Jackie Crew 5-9 150 So Bainbridge, Ga.
Ron Fisher 5-8 150 So Tampa
* Lex Hester 5-8 145 So * Neptune Beach
Pat Iley 5-10 165 So Clearwater
* Jim Maddock 6-2 165 So * Fort Lauderdale
* Russ Rolinger 5-10 160 Jr Waterloo, Iowa (Waterloo East)
* Sonny Sellers 5-8 145 Sr * Delray Beach (Florida)
* Fred Serrett 6-3 180 So * Little Rock, Ark.
* David Tiedt 5-11 165 Jr Delray Beach
Tommy Woods 5-7 140 So Panama City
1957 Schedule and Results
GAME |
SCORE |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia | |||||
| Mercer | |||||
| Georgia Tech | |||||
| Michigan State | |||||
| Duke | |||||
| Florida | |||||
| Murray State | |||||
| Miami | |||||
| Florida Southern Col | |||||
| Rollins College | |||||
| Indiana | |||||
| Florida | |||||
| Mercer | |||||
| Georgia | |||||
| Georgia Tech | |||||
| Emory |
EOY StatsRef Overall Home Away Neutral ------------------------------------------------ FSU record is 5-11 2- 7 3- 4 0- 0
Individual Results Highest vs 3 Fall/Spring Name Rank Rank ACC Sets Tournaments 1 2 3 4 5 6 NCAA Total ------------------------- ------- ----- ----- ----- ----------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Frank Bryan 1-3 0-1 1-1 2-0 3-5 6-7 Bill Counts 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-2 Jackie Crew 1-1 1-2 3-7 4-9 Lex Hester 6-2 6-7 6-7 Jim Maddock 1-2 3-3 3-3 Russ Rolinger 0-1 1-1 1-1 Sonny Sellers 2-1 0-2 5-5 1-0 6-7 Fred Serrett 0-2 1-8 0-1 1-9 David Tiedt 0-1 0-1 1-0 0-2 1-3 Tommy Woods 0-1 0-1 Totals 6-8 2-11 7-6 5-8 4-9 4-7 28-49
Doubles Results Highest vs 3 Fall/Spring Name Rank Rank ACC Sets Tournaments 1 2 3 NCAA Total --------------------------------------------- ------- ----- ----- ----- ----------- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- Frank Bryan/Jim Maddock 0-2 0-2 Frank Bryan/Fred Serrett 1-7 1-7 Frank Bryan/David Tiedt 2-0 2-0 Bill Counts/Lex Hester 0-1 0-1 Jackie Crew/Lex Hester 0-1 1-2 1-2 Jackie Crew/Jim Maddock 0-1 1-1 1-1 Lex Hester/Sonny Sellers 0-1 2-3 1-0 3-3 Pat Iley/Jim Maddock 0-1 0-1 Jim Maddock/Sonny Sellers 0-2 0-2 Jim Maddock/David Tiedt 1-1 0-2 1-3 Sonny Sellers/David Tiedt 0-1 0-1 Fred Serrett/David Tiedt 0-2 0-2 Totals 1-11 5-7 3-7 9-25
Frank Bryan Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/18/1957 1 Thompson Georgia L 6-0, 6-0 0-1 0-1 03/22/1957 2 Billy Causey Mercer W 2-6, 6-1, 6-1 1-1 1-1 03/23/1957 3 Mike Mehaffy Georgia Tech W 6-2, 7-5 2-1 2-1 03/26/1957 4 Ron Mescall Michigan State L 5-7, 6-0, 10-8 2-2 2-2 03/27/1957 4 Bob Lawrence Duke W 6-4, 6-4 3-2 3-2 03/30/1957 4 Joe Heyck Florida L 6-1, 6-4 3-3 3-3 04/03/1957 4 Murray State W 4-3 4-3 04/13/1957 2 Ed Rubinoff Miami L 6-2, 6-3 4-4 4-4 04/16/1957 4 Dave Hewitson Rollins College L 6-4, 6-4 4-5 4-5 04/17/1957 4 Bill Petrick Indiana L 6-4, 4-6, 7-5 4-6 4-6 04/18/1957 4 Dave Shaw Florida L 4-6, 6-2, 6-1 4-7 4-7 04/24/1957 4 Don Lash Mercer W 6-4, 6-3 5-7 5-7 04/27/1957 3 Webb Emory W 6-1, 6-4 6-7 6-7 Bill Counts Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/23/1957 5 Sam Fleming Georgia Tech L 6-3, 3-6, 9-7 0-1 0-1 03/27/1957 6 Claude Jack Duke L 6-1, 6-3 0-2 0-2 Jackie Crew Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/18/1957 4 Smith Georgia L 6-4, 6-2 0-1 0-1 03/22/1957 4 Sam Daniel Mercer W 6-3, 6-0 1-1 1-1 03/23/1957 4 Robert Lofbold Georgia Tech L 6-3, 6-4 1-2 1-2 03/26/1957 5 Foster Hoffman Michigan State L 6-3, 6-4 1-3 1-3 03/27/1957 5 Dick Appleton Duke L 6-0, 6-3 1-4 1-4 03/30/1957 5 Dave Shaw Florida L 6-1, 6-3 1-5 1-5 04/03/1957 5 Murray State W 2-5 2-5 04/13/1957 5 Dick Walsh Miami L 6-1, 6-3 2-6 2-6 04/16/1957 5 Gene Foster Rollins College L 6-3, 6-1 2-7 2-7 04/17/1957 5 Bob Grey Indiana L 6-4, 6-2 2-8 2-8 04/18/1957 5 Guzman-Perry Florida L 6-4, 4-6, 6-4 2-9 2-9 04/24/1957 5 Sam Daniel Mercer W 6-1, 4-6, 6-4 3-9 3-9 04/27/1957 5 Moore Emory W 6-3, 6-2 4-9 4-9 Ron Fisher Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- Lex Hester Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 1 Buddy Moore Mercer W 3-6, 6-2, 6-4 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 1 Robert Nichols Georgia Tech W 6-4, 3-6, 6-3 2-0 2-0 03/26/1957 1 Bill Basard Michigan State W 6-4, 8-10, 6-3 3-0 3-0 03/27/1957 1 Leif Beck Duke L 6-0, 4-6, 6-3 3-1 3-1 03/30/1957 1 Dick Leslie Florida L 6-3, 6-1 3-2 3-2 04/03/1957 1 Murray State L 3-3 3-3 04/13/1957 1 Johann Kupfenburger Miami L 6-0, 6-0 3-4 3-4 04/16/1957 1 Ben Sobieraj Rollins College L 6-0, 9-7 3-5 3-5 04/17/1957 1 Jerry Parachute Indiana L 6-0, 7-5 3-6 3-6 04/18/1957 1 Dick Leslie Florida W 7-5, 2-6, 6-4 4-6 4-6 04/24/1957 1 Buddy Moore Mercer W 6-3, 3-6, 6-1 5-6 5-6 04/25/1957 1 Lindsey Hopkins Georgia L 6-3, 5-7, 6-2 5-7 5-7 04/27/1957 1 Schulman Emory W 6-0, 5-7, 6-4 6-7 6-7 Pat Iley Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- Jim Maddock Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/26/1957 6 Luis Vela Michigan State L 6-4, 6-1 0-1 0-1 04/13/1957 6 Bob Rohe Miami L 4-6, 6-3, 6-4 0-2 0-2 04/16/1957 6 Meade Goller Rollins College L 6-4, 4-6, 6-2 0-3 0-3 04/17/1957 6 Jay Grimes Indiana W 8-6, 2-6, 7-5 1-3 1-3 04/24/1957 6 Tom Johnson Mercer W 7-5, 10-8 2-3 2-3 04/27/1957 6 Figler Emory W 6-2, 6-2 3-3 3-3 Russ Rolinger Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 6 Billy Nash Mercer W 6-1, 6-3 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 6 John Howard Georgia Tech L 6-4, 3-6, 8-6 1-1 1-1 Sonny Sellers Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/18/1957 2 Carpenter Georgia L 6-1, 6-3 0-1 0-1 03/22/1957 3 Carter Smith Mercer W 6-2, 8-6 1-1 1-1 03/23/1957 2 Lee Jones Georgia Tech L 6-0, 6-1 1-2 1-2 03/26/1957 3 Mike Zeremba Michigan State W 0-6, 6-4, 10-8 2-2 2-2 03/27/1957 3 Jack Williams Duke L 11-9, 11-9 2-3 2-3 03/30/1957 3 Anderson Florida L 2-4 2-4 04/03/1957 3 Murray State W 3-4 3-4 04/13/1957 3 Allan Quay Miami L 6-3, 6-2 3-5 3-5 04/16/1957 3 Vic Antonetti Rollins College L 6-1, 6-3 3-6 3-6 04/17/1957 3 George Fryman Indiana W 6-4, 1-6, 6-2 4-6 4-6 04/18/1957 3 Joe Heyck Florida W 7-5, 6-1 5-6 5-6 04/24/1957 3 Carter Smith Mercer L 3-6, 9-7, 8-6 5-7 5-7 04/27/1957 4 Skolnick Emory W 7-5, 6-1 6-7 6-7 Fred Serrett Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/26/1957 2 George Stepanovic Michigan State L 7-5, 6-3 0-1 0-1 03/27/1957 2 Don Romhilt Duke L 2-6, 6-3, 6-3 0-2 0-2 03/30/1957 2 Buddy Husband Florida L 6-2, 6-2 0-3 0-3 04/03/1957 2 Murray State L 0-4 0-4 04/13/1957 4 Dave Harum Miami L 6-4, 6-1 0-5 0-5 04/16/1957 2 Joe Ochoa Rollins College L 6-3, 6-1 0-6 0-6 04/17/1957 2 Elam Huddleson Indiana L 6-4, 6-1 0-7 0-7 04/18/1957 2 Buddy Husband Florida L 6-3, 6-3 0-8 0-8 04/24/1957 2 Bill Cause Mercer W 6-3, 6-3 1-8 1-8 04/27/1957 2 McCord Emory L 1-6, 6-1, 6-3 1-9 1-9 David Tiedt Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/18/1957 3 Courts Georgia L 6-1, 6-1 0-1 0-1 03/22/1957 5 Tommy Johnson Mercer W 6-3, 6-2 1-1 1-1 03/30/1957 6 Hugh Waters Florida L 6-2, 6-1 1-2 1-2 04/18/1957 6 Hugh Waters Florida L 4-6, 6-4, 6-1 1-3 1-3 Tommy Woods Singles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/18/1957 5 Lary Georgia L 6-1, 7-5 0-1 0-1
Frank Bryan Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 2 David Tiedt Billy Nash/Carter Smith Mercer W 6-4, 6-2 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 2 David Tiedt Robert Lofbold/Mike Mehaffy Georgia Tech W 6-3, 8-6 2-0 2-0 03/26/1957 2 Jim Maddock Foster Hoffman/George Stepanovic Michigan State L 6-4, 6-4 2-1 2-1 03/27/1957 2 Jim Maddock Dick Appleton/Claude Jack Duke L 6-2, 6-2 2-2 2-2 03/30/1957 1 Fred Serrett Buddy Husband/Dave Shaw Florida L 6-3, 6-2 2-3 2-3 04/03/1957 1 Fred Serrett Murray State W 3-3 3-3 04/13/1957 1 Fred Serrett Dave Harum/Allan Quay Miami L 6-1, 6-0 3-4 3-4 04/16/1957 1 Fred Serrett Vic Antonetti/Joe Ochoa Rollins College L 6-0, 6-2 3-5 3-5 04/17/1957 1 Fred Serrett George Fryman/Jerry Parachute Indiana L 6-1, 6-0 3-6 3-6 04/18/1957 1 Fred Serrett Joe Heyck/Dick Leslie Florida L 7-5, 6-1 3-7 3-7 04/24/1957 1 Fred Serrett Bill Cause/Buddy Moore Mercer L 6-4, 6-4 3-8 3-8 04/27/1957 1 Fred Serrett Schulman/Webb Emory L 12-10, 6-4 3-9 3-9 Bill Counts Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/30/1957 3 Lex Hester Joe Heyck/Prange Florida L 6-4, 6-3 0-1 0-1 Jackie Crew Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 3 Lex Hester Sam Daniel/Tommy Johnson Mercer W 6-1, 6-2 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 3 Lex Hester Sam Fleming/John Howard Georgia Tech L 4-6, 6-2, 6-4 1-1 1-1 04/18/1957 3 Lex Hester Guzman-Perry/Hugh Waters Florida L 6-1, 6-1 1-2 1-2 04/24/1957 3 Jim Maddock Sam Daniel/Tom Johnson Mercer L 5-7, 6-2, 12-10 1-3 1-3 04/27/1957 3 Jim Maddock Figler/Moore Emory W 6-3, 6-2 2-3 2-3 Ron Fisher Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- Lex Hester Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 3 Jackie Crew Sam Daniel/Tommy Johnson Mercer W 6-1, 6-2 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 3 Jackie Crew Sam Fleming/John Howard Georgia Tech L 4-6, 6-2, 6-4 1-1 1-1 03/26/1957 3 Sonny Sellers Knight/Luis Vela Michigan State W 6-3, 6-1 2-1 2-1 03/27/1957 3 Sonny Sellers Bob Lawrence/Jack Williams Duke dnf dnf 2-1 2-1 03/30/1957 3 Bill Counts Joe Heyck/Prange Florida L 6-4, 6-3 2-2 2-2 04/13/1957 2 Sonny Sellers Johann Kupfenburger/Dick Walsh Miami L 8-6, 6-4 2-3 2-3 04/16/1957 2 Sonny Sellers Dave Hewitson/Ben Sobieraj Rollins College L 6-4, 4-6, 12-10 2-4 2-4 04/17/1957 2 Sonny Sellers Ken Dillman/Bob Grey Indiana L 6-3, 6-3 2-5 2-5 04/18/1957 3 Jackie Crew Guzman-Perry/Hugh Waters Florida L 6-1, 6-1 2-6 2-6 04/24/1957 2 Sonny Sellers Don Lash/Carter Smith Mercer W 6-2, 7-5 3-6 3-6 04/27/1957 2 Sonny Sellers McCord/Skolnick Emory W 7-5, 9-7 4-6 4-6 Pat Iley Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 04/16/1957 3 Jim Maddock Gene Foster/Steve Mandel Rollins College L 6-4, 6-4 0-1 0-1 Jim Maddock Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 1 Sonny Sellers Billy Causey/Buddy Moore Mercer L 6-3, 6-2 0-1 0-1 03/23/1957 1 Sonny Sellers Lee Jones/Robert Nichols Georgia Tech L 6-3, 6-4 0-2 0-2 03/26/1957 2 Frank Bryan Foster Hoffman/George Stepanovic Michigan State L 6-4, 6-4 0-3 0-3 03/27/1957 2 Frank Bryan Dick Appleton/Claude Jack Duke L 6-2, 6-2 0-4 0-4 03/30/1957 2 David Tiedt Anderson/Twain Florida W 6-2, 6-1 1-4 1-4 04/03/1957 2 David Tiedt Murray State L 1-5 1-5 04/13/1957 3 David Tiedt Bob Rohe/Ed Rubinoff Miami L 6-3, 6-2 1-6 1-6 04/16/1957 3 Pat Iley Gene Foster/Steve Mandel Rollins College L 6-4, 6-4 1-7 1-7 04/17/1957 3 David Tiedt Dixon/Bill Petrick Indiana L 7-5, 6-4 1-8 1-8 04/24/1957 3 Jackie Crew Sam Daniel/Tom Johnson Mercer L 5-7, 6-2, 12-10 1-9 1-9 04/27/1957 3 Jackie Crew Figler/Moore Emory W 6-3, 6-2 2-9 2-9 Russ Rolinger Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- Sonny Sellers Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 1 Jim Maddock Billy Causey/Buddy Moore Mercer L 6-3, 6-2 0-1 0-1 03/23/1957 1 Jim Maddock Lee Jones/Robert Nichols Georgia Tech L 6-3, 6-4 0-2 0-2 03/26/1957 3 Lex Hester Knight/Luis Vela Michigan State W 6-3, 6-1 1-2 1-2 03/27/1957 3 Lex Hester Bob Lawrence/Jack Williams Duke dnf dnf 1-2 1-2 04/13/1957 2 Lex Hester Johann Kupfenburger/Dick Walsh Miami L 8-6, 6-4 1-3 1-3 04/16/1957 2 Lex Hester Dave Hewitson/Ben Sobieraj Rollins College L 6-4, 4-6, 12-10 1-4 1-4 04/17/1957 2 Lex Hester Ken Dillman/Bob Grey Indiana L 6-3, 6-3 1-5 1-5 04/18/1957 2 David Tiedt Buddy Husband/Dave Shaw Florida L 7-5, 6-1 1-6 1-6 04/24/1957 2 Lex Hester Don Lash/Carter Smith Mercer W 6-2, 7-5 2-6 2-6 04/27/1957 2 Lex Hester McCord/Skolnick Emory W 7-5, 9-7 3-6 3-6 Fred Serrett Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/26/1957 1 David Tiedt Bill Basard/Mike Zeremba Michigan State L 6-3, 6-1 0-1 0-1 03/27/1957 1 David Tiedt Leif Beck/Don Romhilt Duke L 6-3, 6-3 0-2 0-2 03/30/1957 1 Frank Bryan Buddy Husband/Dave Shaw Florida L 6-3, 6-2 0-3 0-3 04/03/1957 1 Frank Bryan Murray State W 1-3 1-3 04/13/1957 1 Frank Bryan Dave Harum/Allan Quay Miami L 6-1, 6-0 1-4 1-4 04/16/1957 1 Frank Bryan Vic Antonetti/Joe Ochoa Rollins College L 6-0, 6-2 1-5 1-5 04/17/1957 1 Frank Bryan George Fryman/Jerry Parachute Indiana L 6-1, 6-0 1-6 1-6 04/18/1957 1 Frank Bryan Joe Heyck/Dick Leslie Florida L 7-5, 6-1 1-7 1-7 04/24/1957 1 Frank Bryan Bill Cause/Buddy Moore Mercer L 6-4, 6-4 1-8 1-8 04/27/1957 1 Frank Bryan Schulman/Webb Emory L 12-10, 6-4 1-9 1-9 David Tiedt Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- ----- 03/22/1957 2 Frank Bryan Billy Nash/Carter Smith Mercer W 6-4, 6-2 1-0 1-0 03/23/1957 2 Frank Bryan Robert Lofbold/Mike Mehaffy Georgia Tech W 6-3, 8-6 2-0 2-0 03/26/1957 1 Fred Serrett Bill Basard/Mike Zeremba Michigan State L 6-3, 6-1 2-1 2-1 03/27/1957 1 Fred Serrett Leif Beck/Don Romhilt Duke L 6-3, 6-3 2-2 2-2 03/30/1957 2 Jim Maddock Anderson/Twain Florida W 6-2, 6-1 3-2 3-2 04/03/1957 2 Jim Maddock Murray State L 3-3 3-3 04/13/1957 3 Jim Maddock Bob Rohe/Ed Rubinoff Miami L 6-3, 6-2 3-4 3-4 04/17/1957 3 Jim Maddock Dixon/Bill Petrick Indiana L 7-5, 6-4 3-5 3-5 04/18/1957 2 Sonny Sellers Buddy Husband/Dave Shaw Florida L 7-5, 6-1 3-6 3-6 Tommy Woods Doubles Opp Date Rank Rank Pos Partner Opponent School W-L Score Record Dual Conf ---------- ---- ---- --- ------------------------- ---------------------------------------- -------------------- --- -------------------- ------ ----- -----